As of 12:24 pm on 7/30/2020, a total of 14,093 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,922 (13.6%) required hospitalization. Seven hundred and thirty residents (5.2%) have died. Ten thousand one hundred and seventy-six (72.2%) have recovered. One thousand three hundred and ninety-two cases (9.9%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 1.9% of all ED visits between (7/24-7/30/2020), unchanged from the prior week.

As of 12:30 pm on 7/23/2020, a total of 13,924 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,911 (13.7%) required hospitalization. Seven hundred and twenty-three residents (5.2%) have died. Ten thousand and seven (71.3%) have recovered. One thousand three hundred and eighty-four cases (9.9%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 1.9% of all ED visits between 7/17/2020-7/23/2020, up slightly from 1.8% the prior week.

As of 1:02 pm on 7/16/2020, a total of 13,793 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,886 (13.7%) required hospitalization. Seven hundred and sixteen residents (5.2%) have died. Nine thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven (71.3%) have recovered. One thousand three hundred and sixty-two cases (9.9%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 1.8% of all ED visits between 7/10/2020-7/16/2020, down from 2.5% the prior week.

As of 1:07 pm on 7/9/2020, a total of 13,650 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,871 (13.7%) required hospitalization. Seven hundred and thirteen residents (5.2%) have died. Nine thousand six hundred and sixty-six (70.8%) have recovered. One thousand three hundred and forty-eight cases (9.9%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 2.5% of all ED visits between 7/3/2020-7/9/2020, up from 1.8% the prior week.

As of 12:21 pm on 7/1/2020, a total of 13,467 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,856 (13.8%) required hospitalization. Seven hundred and eight residents (5.3%) have died. Nine thousand four hundred and fifty-nine (70.2%) have recovered. One thousand three hundred and thirty cases (9.9%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 1.8% of all ED visits between 6/26/2020-7/1/2020, up from 1.7% the prior week.

As of 12:35 pm on 6/25/2020, a total of 13,382 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,839 (13.7%) required hospitalization. Seven hundred and three residents (5.3%) have died. Nine thousand three hundred and three (69.5%) have recovered. One thousand three hundred and seventeen cases (9.8%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 1.7% of all ED visits between 6/12/2020-6/18/2020, down from 1.8% the prior week.

As of 11:24 pm on 6/18/2020, a total of 13,261 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,783 (13.4%) required hospitalization. Six hundred and eighty-nine residents (5.2%) have died. Eight thousand nine hundred and fifty-two (67.5%) have recovered. One thousand three hundred and fourteen cases (9.9%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 1.8% of all ED visits between 6/12/2020-6/18/2020, unchanged from 1.8% the prior week.

As of 12:32 pm on 6/11/2020, a total of 13,118 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,739 required hospitalization. Six hundred and seventy-three residents have died. Seven thousand nine hundred and eighty-seven (60.9%) have recovered. One thousand two hundred and seventy-seven cases (9.7%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 1.8% of all ED visits between 6/5/2020-6/11/2020, down from 2.8% the prior week.

As of 1:08pm on 6/4/2020, a total of 12,906 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,684 required hospitalization. Six hundred and fifty-eight residents have died. Seven thousand three hundred and seventy-seven (57.2%) have recovered. One thousand two hundred and forty-one (9.6%) were healthcare workers.Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 2.8% of all ED visits between 5/29/2020-6/4/2020, down from 3.5% the prior week.

As of 12:11 pm on 5/28/2020, a total of 12,634 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,563 required hospitalization. Six hundred and twenty-seven residents have died. Six thousand two hundred and seventy-two (49.6%) have recovered. One thousand one hundred and seventy-five cases (9.3%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 3.5% of all ED visits between 5/22/2020-5/28/2020, down from 4.5% the prior week.

As of 1:18 pm on 5/21/2020, a total of 12,239 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of reported cases, 1,495 required hospitalization. Five hundred and ninety-nine residents have died. Five thousand six hundred and twenty-seven (46.0%) have recovered. One thousand one hundred and four cases (9.0%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 4.5% of all ED visits between 5/15/2020-5/21/2020, down from 5.2% the prior week.

As of 1:05 pm on 5/14/2020, a total of 11,395 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). This represents a 7.5% increase in cases from the previous week’s report. Of reported cases, 1,338 required hospitalization. Five hundred and fifty-one residents have died. Four thousand and eighty-nine (35.9%) have recovered. Eight hundred and ninety-seven cases (7.9%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 5.2% of all ED visits between 5/8/2020-5/14/2020, down from 6.5% the prior week.

As of 1:32 pm on 5/7/2020, a total of 10,598 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). This represents a 14% increase in cases from the previous week’s report. Of reported cases, 1,140 required hospitalization. Four hundred and eighty-six residents have died. Two thousand eight hundred and eighty-two (27.2%) have recovered. Five hundred and twenty-two cases (4.9%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 6.5% of all ED visits between 5/1/2020-5/7/2020, down from 8.0% the prior week.

As of 2:30 pm on 4/30/2020, a total of 9271 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). This represents a 33% increase in cases from the previous week’s report. Note, approximately 300 of the 2,313 new cases reflect data from an earlier period due to delays in lab reporting. Of reported cases, 937 required hospitalization. Three hundred and fifty-seven residents have died. Two thousand one hundred and two (22.7%) have recovered. Three hundred and twenty-nine cases (3.6%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 8.0% of all ED visits between 4/24/2020-4/30/2020, down from 9.6% the prior week.

As of 4:06pm on 4/23/2020, a total of 6958 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). This represents a 46% increase in cases from the previous week’s report. Of reported cases, 718 required hospitalization. Two hundred and thirty-two residents have died. One thousand three hundred and sixty-three (19.6%) have recovered. Two hundred and thirty-six cases (3.4%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 9.6% of all ED visits between 4/17/2020-4/23/2020, down from 11.2% the prior week.

As of 2:43 pm on 4/16/2020, a total of 4763 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of these, 485 required hospitalization. One hundred and twenty-two residents have died. Seven hundred and eight (14.9%) have recovered. One hundred and seventy-five cases (3.7%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 11.2% of all ED visits between 4/10/2020-4/16/2020.

As of 4:12 pm on 4/9/2020, a total of 2848 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of these, 277 required hospitalization. Thirty-five residents have died. Three hundred and thirty-nine (11.9%) have recovered. One hundred and twenty-seven cases (4.5%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 10.3% of all ED visits between 4/3/2020-4/9/2020.

As of 1:00 pm on 4/2/2020, a total of 1232 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of these, 96 required hospitalizations. Ten residents have died. One hundred and six (8.6%) have recovered. Sixty-eight cases (6%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 9.1% of all ED visits between 3/27/2020-4/2/2020.

As of 12:52pm on 3/26/2020, a total of 364 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among Boston residents have been reported to the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC). Of these, 29 required hospitalizations. Two residents have died. Thirty-four (9.3%) have recovered. Of 362 cases with known gender, 52.8% of cases were male and 47.2% were female. Thirty-seven cases (10%) were healthcare workers. Emergency Department (ED) visits for COVID-19-like illness (CLI) comprised 6.79% of all ED visits for MMWR week 12, nearly double the previous week. The age distribution of COVID-19 among Boston residents differs from the age distribution of the overall Boston population. The higher percentage of COVID-19 cases among most age groups is reflective of the low number of COVID-19 cases (n<5) among Boston residents under age 20 - an age group that represents over one in five Boston residents. The vast majority of cases were among Boston residents of working age (20-59 yrs).

Between September 29, 2019 and March 14, 2020, four thousand nine hundred and sixty cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Four hundred and forty cases (9%) required hospitalization. Since the beginning of the season, three influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported to BPHC. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

Between September 29, 2019 and March 7, 2020, four thousand seven hundred and seventy-three cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Four hundred and thirty-one cases (9%) required hospitalization. Since the beginning of the season, three influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported to BPHC. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

Between September 29, 2019 and February 29, 2020, four thousand five hundred and twenty-three cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Four hundred and fifteen cases (9%) required hospitalization. Since the beginning of the season, three influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported to BPHC. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

BPHC is responding to an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the disease “coronavirus disease 2019” (abbreviated “COVID-19”) that was first detected in China and which has now been detected in almost 70 locations internationally, including in the United States. Healthcare providers should be on the alert for individuals who recently traveled from China, Iran, Italy, South Korea, and Japan and who have symptoms associated with COVID-19, and individuals who have been in close contact with someone with COVID-19 or pneumonia of unknown cause. Most patients with confirmed COVID-19 have fever (either subjective or confirmed) and/or symptoms of acute respiratory illness. The attached health advisory includes information for providers on clinical evaluation, diagnosis and testing, infection control, and reporting for COVID-19. Information is still evolving rapidly and BPHC will update this information on an as needed basis.

Between September 29, 2019 and February 22, 2020, four thousand one hundred and two cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Three hundred and eighty-six cases (9%) required hospitalization. Since the beginning of the season, three influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported to BPHC. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

Between September 29, 2019 and February 15, 2020, three thousand seven hundred and six cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Three hundred and fifty-one cases (10%) required hospitalization. Since the beginning of the season, two influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported to BPHC. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

Between September 29, 2019 and February 8, 2020, three thousand one hundred and seventy-nine cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Three hundred and five cases (10%) required hospitalization. Since the beginning of the season, two influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported to BPHC. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

Between September 29, 2019 and February 1, 2020, two thousand four hundred and thirty-seven cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Two hundred and thirty-seven cases (10%) required hospitalization. Since the beginning of the season, two influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported to BPHC. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

Between September 29, 2019 and January 25, 2020, one thousand seven hundred and forty-six cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. One hundred and seventy-two cases (10%) required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

To date hundreds of cases of novel coronavirus associated with fever and respiratory illness have been confirmed worldwide with an original link to Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Many cases have been characterized by pneumonia. Chinese authorities report most of the initial cases in the Wuhan City outbreak were epidemiologically linked to a large seafood and animal market, suggesting a zoonotic origin to the outbreak. However, a growing number of patients reportedly have not had exposure to animal markets, suggesting person-to-person spread is occurring. Healthcare providers should be on the alert for individuals who develop fever and acute lower respiratory illness within 14 days after traveling from Wuhan.

Between September 29, 2019 and January 18, 2020, one thousand two hundred and forty-three cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. One hundred and thirty-two cases (11%) required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

Between September 29, 2019 and January 11, 2020, eight hundred and fifty-seven cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Eighty-nine (10%) required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

Between September 29, 2019 and January 4, 2020, five hundred and fifty-nine cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Sixty-two cases (11%) required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is high.

The Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) and the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) have investigated a cluster of 7 newly diagnosed HIV infections in the City of Boston in people who inject drugs (PWID) who are experiencing or have experienced recent homelessness. These recently detected HIV infections follow a cluster first detected in the City in early 2019, renewing concerns about ongoing transmission in PWID in Massachusetts. MDPH and BPHC ask healthcare providers to enhance vigilance for HIV risk, increase testing for HIV infection (both routine and risk-based), and to rapidly report any new HIV infections to MDPH, particularly in PWID and/or individuals experiencing homelessness. Report any diagnoses of HIV infection in a person who injects drugs immediately to MDPH, by calling the HIV/STD Reporting and Partner Services Line at 617-983-6999.

Between September 29, 2019 and December 28, 2019, three hundred and fifty-six cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Thirty-eight cases (11%) required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth has been upgraded to high.

Between September 29, 2019 and December 14, 2019, one hundred fifty-six cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Twenty-five cases (16%) required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread, and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is low.

Between September 29, 2019 and November 30, 2019 sixty-eight cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported to BPHC. Twelve (18%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts is widespread and the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is low.

The Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) is investigating two cases of young children diagnosed with meningococcal disease, an infectious disease caused by a bacterial infection. Cases of meningococcal disease diagnosed in Boston are reportable to BPHC. Approximately 10 to 15 cases of the disease are reported statewide each year. Both adults and children can develop the disease.

As of September 19, 2019, at 12PM, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports identifng 530 probable or confirmed cases of severe pulmonary disease associated with electronic cigarette product use (vaping) in 38 states and one U.S. territory. Seven deaths in six states have been confirmed. Healthcare providers are required to report any suspected cases to MDPH.

The Boston Public Health Commission issued today a Public Health Advisory regarding updated screening tuberculosis recommendations. These come in response to updated recommendations from the National TB Controllers Association/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for TB screening, testing and treatment of health care personnel in the United States. The advisory also contains information and guidance regarding CDC's expectation of a 3-10 month nationwide shortage of APLISOL®, one of two purified-protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin antigens that are licensed by FDA for use in performing tuberculin skin tests (TST). As a reminder, cases of tuberculosis (disease or latent infection) should be reported directly to Massachusetts Department of Public Health.

The Boston Public Health Commission is monitoring the continued increase in cases of measles virus among persons nationwide, however, there is no outbreak of measles in Boston at this time. Being vaccinated against the measles is the most effective preventive measure a person can take. This advisory includes additional information for healthcare providers and others.

Between September 30, 2018 and May 4, 2019, there were 3,848 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Five-hundred eighty-eight (15%) of these cases required hospitalization. This is the final report of the 2018-2019 Flu Season and contains a preliminary comparison to the previous season. Boston experienced a similar number of cases between the two years (3,848 this season compared to 4,138 last season), however, the percent of cases requiring hospitalization (15% v. 19%) and death associated with influenza (8 v. 19) dropped this year compared to last year.

Between September 30, 2018 and April 27, 2019, there were 3,796 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Five-hundred seventy-nine (15%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread, however the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains low. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Since the beginning of flu season there have been seven influenza-associated deaths in Boston; all seven were in older adults with multiple medical conditions. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported four flu related pediatric deaths in the state, however, none of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and April 20, 2019, there were 3,701 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Five-hundred fifty-eight (15%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread, however the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains low. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Since the beginning of flu season there have been seven influenza-associated deaths in Boston; all seven were in older adults with multiple medical conditions. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported four flu related pediatric deaths in the state, however, none of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and April 13, 2019, there were 3,520 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Five-hundred forty-two (15%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread, however the intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains low. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Since the beginning of flu season there have been seven influenza-associated deaths in Boston; all seven were in older adults with multiple medical conditions. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported four flu related pediatric deaths in the state, however, none of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and April 6, 2019, there were 3,244 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Five hundred and twelve (16%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is now categorized as low. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Since the beginning of flu season there have been six influenza-associated deaths in Boston; all five were in older adults with multiple medical conditions. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported four flu related pediatric deaths in the state, however, none of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and March 30, 2019, there were 2,954 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Four-hundred seventy-five (16%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is now categorized as low. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Since the beginning of flu season there have been five influenza-associated deaths in Boston; all five were in older adults with multiple medical conditions. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported four flu related pediatric deaths in the state, however, none of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and March 16, 2019, there were 2,617 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Four hundred twenty-seven (16%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains high. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Since the beginning of flu season there have been five influenza-associated deaths in Boston; all five were in older adults with multiple medical conditions. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported three flu related pediatric deaths in the state, however, none of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and March 23, 2019, there were 2,816 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Four-hundred fifty-seven (16%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth is now categorized as low. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Since the beginning of flu season there have been five influenza-associated deaths in Boston; all five were in older adults with multiple medical conditions. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported three flu related pediatric deaths in the state, however, none of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and March 9, 2019, there were 2,455 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Four hundred (16%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains high. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Since the beginning of flu season there have been five influenza-associated deaths in Boston; all five were in older adults with multiple medical conditions. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported three flu related pediatric deaths in the state, however, none of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and March 2, 2019, there were 2,310 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Three-hundred and eighty-seven (17%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains high. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Two influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported since the beginning of the season. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported three flu related pediatric deaths. None of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and February 23, 2019, there were 2,147 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Three-hundred and fifty-five (17%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains high. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Two influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported since the beginning of the season. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported three flu related pediatric deaths. None of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and February 16, 2019, there were 1,911 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Three-hundred and twenty-one (17%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains high. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Four influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported since the beginning of the season. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported three flu related pediatric deaths. None of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

The Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) today alerted the public of a measles exposure. On February 26, 2019, an individual with confirmed measles traveled from New York City to Boston and subsequently to New Hampshire.

Between September 30, 2018 and February 2, 2019, there were 1.408 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Two hundred and thirty-seven (17%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains high. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Two influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported since the beginning of the season. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported two flu related pediatric deaths. Neither of these children were residents of Boston. There have been no vaccine shortages reported.

Between September 30, 2018 and January 26, 2019, there were 1.185 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. One hundred and ninety-six (16%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains high. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Two influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported since the beginning of the season. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health recently reported two flu related pediatric deaths. Neither of these children were residents of Boston.

Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) are responding to 6 newly diagnosed HIV infections since November 1, 2018 in people who inject drugs (PWID) in the City of Boston, thus raising the risk for more cases. Outbreaks among persons who inject drugs have been identified in both urban and rural areas in the United States and more recently in the Cities of Lowell and Lawrence. BPHC and MDPH are asking clinical care providers to increase vigilance for HIV infection in patients reporting current or recent injection drug use (IDU).

Updated information for healthcare providers regarding cases of IMD among individuals who are experiencing homelessness or are closely connected to that community since January 2018. Includes recommendations for recognition, treatment and reporting of cases.

Between September 30, 2018 and January 19, 2019, there were 937 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Seventeen percent of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains high. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. Two influenza-associated deaths in older Boston residents with multiple medical conditions have been reported since the beginning of the season.

Between September 30, 2018 and January 12, 2019, there were 711 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Seventeen percent (17%) of these cases required hospitalization. Geographic distribution of flu activity in Massachusetts remains widespread. Intensity of ILI within the Commonwealth remains high. This influenza season appears to be an H1N1-predominant season; H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in children 17-years old and younger. There has been one influenza linked death in Boston. The death occurred in an elderly person with underlying medical conditions.

Between September 30, 2018 and January 5, 2019, there were 551 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Seventeen percent (17%) of these cases required hospitalization. One influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date in Boston. The death occurred in an elderly person with underlying medical conditions. Geographic distribution of flu activity in MA is widespread. Intensity of ILI in the Commonwealth reamains high. Since September 30, 2018, 73.5% of influenza specimens tested by CDC were positive for H1N1. Of the remaining, 16.8% were H3N2, 3.2% were type B. H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in persons <17 year of age.

Between September 30, 2018 and December 29, 2018, there were 389 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Thirteen percent (13%) of these cases required hospitalization. One influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date in Boston. The death occurred in an elderly person with underlying medical conditions. Geographic distribution of flu activity in MA is widespread. Intensity of ILI in the Commonwealth is now high, increased from moderate last week. Since September 30, 2018, 74% of influenza specimens tested by CDC were positive for H1N1. Of the remaining, 16.8% were H3N2, 4.6% were type B. H1N1 viruses are associated with increased flu activity in persons <17 year of age.

Between September 31, 2018 and December 15, 2018, there were 181 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Sixteen (13%) of these cases required hospitalization. One influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date in Boston. The death occurred in an elderly person with underlying medical conditions. Geographic distribution of flu activity in MA is widespread. Intensity of ILI in the Commonwealth is minimal.

Between September 31, 2018 and December 8, 2018, there were 127 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Sixteen (13%) of these cases required hospitalization. One influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date in Boston. The death occurred in an elderly person with underlying medical conditions.

Between September 31, 2018 and November 17, 2018, there were 41 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases reported to BPHC. Six of these cases required hospitalization. No influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Updated recommendations and information for the current (2018-2019) influenza season, including: information on how to report localized shortages of antivirals to the BPHC Medical Intelligence Center (MIC); links to educational material, including fact sheets, available in multiple languages; a link to detailed information on descriptive analysis of the previous (2017-2018) influenza season in Boston; and a link to an infographic describing the 2017-2018 influenza season.

Between October 1, 2017 and April 28, 2018, four thousand and fifty-five cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza in Boston residents have been reported to BPHC, including 734 (18%) hospitalizations and 18 (0.5%) deaths. All deaths occurred in persons of advanced age or with multiple underlying medical conditions. There have been no pediatric flu deaths reported in Boston residents. This is the final report of the 2017-18 season. Boston's Flu In Review of this season will be sent out to providers before the beginning of the 2018-19 season, and will provide a more detailed summary of this past season.

Since October 1, 2017, three thousand seven hundred and eighty-five cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza in Boston residents have been reported to BPHC; six hundred and fifty-two (17%) required hospitalization. Nine influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date this season. All nine deaths occurred in persons of advanced age or with multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, three thousand five hundred and seventy-two cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza in Boston residents have been reported to BPHC; six hundred and fifteen (17%) required hospitalization. Nine influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. All nine deaths occurred in persons of advanced age or with multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, three thousand three hundred and thirty-one cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza in Boston residents have been reported to BPHC; five hundred and sixty-three (17%) required hospitalization. Nine influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. All nine deaths occurred in persons of advanced age or with multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, three thousand one hundred and seven of laboratory-confirmed influenza in Boston residents have been reported to BPHC; five hundred and fourteen (17%) required hospitalization. Seven influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. All seven deaths occurred in persons of advanced age or with multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, two thousand six hundred and eighty of laboratory-confirmed influenza in Boston residents have been reported to BPHC; four hundred and thirty-five (16%) required hospitalization. Seven influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. All seven deaths occurred in persons of advanced age or with multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, two thousand one hundred and twelve cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza in Boston residents have been reported to BPHC; three hundred and seventy-nine (18%) required hospitalization. Five influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. All five deaths occurred in persons of advanced age or with multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, one thousand five hundred and eighty-seven cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC; three hundred and twelve (20%) required hospitalization. Five influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. All five deaths occurred in persons of advanced age or with multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, one thousand one hundred and eleven cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC; two hundred and thirty-six (21%) required hospitalization. Four influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. All four deaths occurred in persons of advanced age and had multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, seven hundred and eighty cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC; one hundred and seventy-nine (23%) required hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. Both persons were of advanced age and had multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, five hundred and forty-five cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC; one hundred and thirty-five (25%) required hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. Both persons were of advanced age and had multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, three hundred and seventy-one cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with ninety-two (25%) requiring hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. Both persons had multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, two hundred and forty cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with sixty-four (27%) requiring hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date. Both persons had multiple underlying medical conditions.

Since October 1, 2017, one hundred and one cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with twenty-six (26%) requiring hospitalization. No influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2017, sixty cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with eighteen (30%) requiring hospitalization. No influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

The Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) has identified an increase in reports of invasive group A streptococcus (GAS) infections among people who inject drugs. Healthcare workers, addiction specialists, and others working with people who inject drugs are encouraged to be alert for persons at risk for GAS infection, counsel people who inject drugs on safe injecting practices, provide education on signs/symptoms of infective endocarditis to facilitate early presentation to care, and offer referral to appropriate services for treatment of substance use disorders. City and state regulations require healthcare providers and institutions to report all cases of invasive GAS infection diagnosed in Boston to BPHC (Phone: 617-534-5611, 24/7 coverage available).

Updated recommendations and information for the current (2017-2018) influenza season. Information on how to report localized shortages of antivirals to the BPHC Medical Intelligence Center. Links to educational material, including fact sheets, available in multiple languages. A link to detailed information on and descriptive analyses of the previous (2016-2017) influenza season in Boston.

The Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) are recommending preventive measures among our at-risk populations (including individuals who are experiencing homelessness or work with the homeless, use illicit drugs, have chronic liver disease, or are men who have sex with men [MSM]), including vaccination against HAV (first as well as second doses of vaccine) and improved hand-hygiene.

The attached document summarizes an outbreak of mumps currently affecting Boston and surrounding communities. The document provides an overview of the outbreak, recommendations for prevention and follow-up for suspected and confirmed cases, as well as control guidelines.

Since October 1, 2016, 3267 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 601 (18%) requiring hospitalization. Eleven influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, 3179 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 582 (18%) requiring hospitalization. Eleven influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, 3067 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 557 (18%) requiring hospitalization. Ten influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, 2866 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 527 (18%) requiring hospitalization. Ten influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Over the past three days, there have been five confirmed cases of Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC) reported in Boston residents. An additional five non-Boston cases have been identified over the past two weeks by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) and local health departments in surrounding Massachusetts towns. The Boston Public Health Commission’s (BPHC) Infectious Disease Bureau (IDB) and the Boston Inspectional Services Department (ISD) are investigating cases in Boston residents in collaboration with the MDPH Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences (BIDLS). Investigations include case interviews for risk factors, clinical findings, and case confirmation for surveillance purposes.

Since October 1, 2016, 2677 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 488 (18%) requiring hospitalization. Eight influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, 2480 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 463 (19%) requiring hospitalization. Seven influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, 2318 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 446 (19%) requiring hospitalization. Six influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, 2200 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 428 (19%) requiring hospitalization. Five influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, 2003 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 398 (20%) requiring hospitalization. Five influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, one thousand eight hundred sixteen cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with three hundred forty-five (19%) requiring hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, one thousand five hundred and twelve cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with two hundred ninety-eight (20%) requiring hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, one thousand one hundred and thirty-eight cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with two hundred and twenty (19%) requiring hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, seven hundred and eighty-eight cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with one hundred and thirty-one (17%) requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, five hundred thirty cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with one hundred one (19%) requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, three hundred sixty-three cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with eighty-two (23%) requiring hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2016, two hundred sixty-one cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with fifty-seven (22%) requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported in an elderly person with multiple underlying health conditions.

BPHC has seen an increase in emergency department visits for acute gastroenteritis over the last two weeks. Healthcare facilities and providers should promptly report any known or suspected clusters of illness and any laboratory confirmed norovirus cases to BPHC at 617‐534‐5611.

Since October 1, 2016, twenty-eight cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with ten (36%) requiring hospitalization. No influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Updated recommendations and information for the current influenza season. Information on how to report localized shortages of antivirals to the BPHC Medical Intelligence Center. Links to educational material, including fact sheets, available in multiple languages. A link to detailed information on the 2015-2016 influenza season in Boston.

Since October 1, 2015, one thousand six hundred and twelve cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with two hundred and seventy-eight (17%) requiring hospitalization. Five influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2015, one thousand five hundred and twenty-two cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with two hundred and sixty-four (18%) requiring hospitalization. Five influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2015, one thousand four hundred and sixteen cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with two hundred and fifty (18%) requiring hospitalization. Three influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2015, one thousand two hundred and fifty-two cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with two hundred and thirty (18%) requiring hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2015, one thousand eighteen cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with one hundred eighty-eight (18%) requiring hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2015, seven hundred seventy-two cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with one hundred forty-one (18%) requiring hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2015, four hundred ninety-one cases of laboratory confirmed cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with eighty-seven (18%) requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported to date.

This document provides updated situational information on the recent cluster of cases of meningococcal disease in the Boston Adult homeless population, including current case counts, number of doses of vaccine administered to date, and continuing efforts to vaccinate individuals at risk. Healthcare providers should consider meningococcal disease in the differential diagnosis of any adult homeless individual who presents with signs of meningococcal disease.

A cluster of three cases of meningococcal disease have been identified in the adult Boston population since late January. Healthcare providers, particularly emergency department clinicians, should consider meningococcal disease in the differential diagnosis of any homeless individual residing in Boston who presents with a clinically compatible illness.

Since October 1, 2015, one hundred seventy-six cases of laboratory confirmed influenza have been reported to BPHC, with forty-one requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported to date.

CDC has released updated immunization schedules for 0 to 18 year olds. The 2016 recommendations can be accessed at this link.

Since October 1, 2015, eighty-five cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with twenty-three requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported to date.

BPHC has seen an increase in emergency department visits for acute gastroenteritis over the last two weeks. Healthcare facilities and providers should promptly report any known or suspected clusters of illness and any laboratory confirmed norovirus cases to BPHC at 617‐534‐5611.

Since October 1, 2015, forty-six cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with eleven requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported.

Since October 1, 2015, thirty-four cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with six requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2015, twenty-eight cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with five requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported to date.

Since October 1, 2015, twenty-three cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with five requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported.

This advisory contains updated clinical guidance on the management of suspected Ebola Virus disease cases and contacts. Please note that at as of 11/18/2015, only Guinea is considered NOT to be Ebola-free.

On October 26, 2015, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Drug Enforcement Agency issued an advisory to the treatment community about ongoing increases in fentanyl-related unintentional overdose across the U.S. Fentanyl is a form of opioid, and when used in combination with heroin, can cause severe injury and even death.

Updated recommendations and information for the current influenza season. Information on how to report localized shortages of antivirals to the BPHC Medical Intelligence Center. Links to educational material, including fact sheets, available in multiple languages. A link to detailed information on the 2014-2015 influenza season in Boston.

This public health update provides information on legionellosis in Boston residents, and resources for environmental prevention.

Updated guidance on MERS, including evaluation of persons under investigation (PUI).

Updated information regarding specimen collection, and laboratory testing, for MERS persons under investigation (PUI).

Two thousand two hundred and sixteen cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 535 requiring hospitalization. Twenty-seven influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

Two thousand seventy-five cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, 516 requiring hospitalization. Twenty-five influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

One thousand nine hundred nineteen cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 479 requiring hospitalization. Seventeen influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

BPHC has observed an increase in the number of individuals seen at Boston emergency departments for acute gastrointestinal illness (GI). Please see alert for additional information.

One thousand eight hundred forty-nine cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 456 requiring hospitalization. Thirteen influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

One thousand seven hundred eighty-three cases of influenza where reported to BPHC, with 429 requiring hospitalization. Eleven influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

One thousand six hundred seventy-five cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 387 requiring hospitalization. Eleven influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

One thousand five hundred fifty-two cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 343 requiring hospitalization. Eight influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

One thousand three hundred eighty-five cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 286 requiring hospitalization. Six influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

One thousand one hundred forty-seven cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 247 requiring hospitalization. Six influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

One thousand five cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 225 requiring hospitalization. Six influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

Seven hundred twenty-eight cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 170 requiring hospitalization. Four influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

Five hundred thirty-two cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 144 requiring hospitalization. Three influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

Three hundred thirty-seven cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 95 cases requiring hospitalization. Two influenza-associated deaths have been reported.

One hundred ninety-three cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 62 cases requiring hospitalization. One influenza-associated death has been reported.

One hundred twenty-two cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 32 cases requiring hospitalization.

The Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) and Boston Emergency Medical Services have seen a marked increase in suspected opioid-related overdoses throughout the City of Boston in recent days.

Forty-six cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with 12 cases requiring hospitalization.

Eleven cases of influenza were reported to BPHC, with two cases requiring hospitalization.

Recently, cases of neurologic illness with limb weakness have been reported in children in the United States. These cases have been reported concomitant with widespread respiratory illness due to enterovirus D68 (EV-68), but EV-68 has not been established as the cause of the neurologic illness. Enteroviruses in general can cause similar neurologic illness and enterovirus infections are more common at this time of the year; but whether EV-68 is causing these neurologic illnesses is not yet known.

Recently, hospitals in a number of states report seeing an unusually high number of children with severe respiratory illness caused by enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). The CD) is working with multiple states to track respiratory illnesses to determine if they were caused by EV-D68. The first laboratory confirmed EV-68 case was reported by a Boston hospital on September 22. BPHC is closely monitoring emergency departments in the city for trends in respiratory distress and asthma-related hospital visits compared to previous years. Clusters of illness are reportable to the Boston Public Health Commission at 617-534-5611.

This document is intended to provide general guidance to school nurses about EV-68. Additional information can be obtained by calling the Boston Public Health Commission Infectious Disease Bureau at 617-534-5611.

Early childcare programs should take steps outlined in this document to reduce the risk of spread of EV-68.

The Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) has received reports of chikungunya cases in Boston residents. All cases had recent travel to the Caribbean, including Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Providers should be aware of the possibility of chikungunya infection in patients that present with symptoms consistent with the infection and recent travel. Confirmed cases of chikungunya should be reported to BPHC at 617‐534‐5611.

Foodborne illness is a common and preventable public health problem. Each year, 1 in 6 Americans gets sick by consuming contaminated foods or beverages. In many cases, a specific source of infection is not identified. In Boston, increases in Salmonella and Campylobacter occur every summer. Safe food handling practices and proper personal hygiene decrease the risk of illness.

U.S. clinicians should be aware of possible new vaccination requirements for patients planning travel for greater than four weeks to countries with ongoing poliovirus transmission.

As of May 14, over 500 laboratory confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection have been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Most of these cases have occurred in the Arabian Peninsula, but two cases have been imported into the United States. No cases have been identified in Massachusetts. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Clinicians should consider MERS-CoV infection in patients with fever and an acute respiratory infection and history of travel to the Arabian Peninsula or neighboring countries. Diagnostic testing is available at the MDPH Hinton State Laboratory Institute, and all suspected cases of MERS-CoV should be reported to BPHC at 617-534-5611.

One thousand six hundred sixteen cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 441 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been thirteen deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions. This is the last weekly report for the 2013-2014 season.

BPHC, in conjunction with BPD, has received evidence that a recent non-fatal overdose in the city was due to heroin contaminated with fentanyl, a synthetic opioid that can cause severe injury and death when used in combination with heroin.

One thousand five hundred sixty two cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 417 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been thirteen deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions.

One thousand four hundred eighty six cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 392 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been thirteen deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions.

One thousand three hundred seventy three cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 365 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been twelve deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions.

One thousand two hundred thirty seven cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 337 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been eleven deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions.

One thousand one hundred fifteen cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 295 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been ten deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions.

One thousand nineteen cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 278 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been ten deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions.

Nine hundred and fifty one cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 251 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been ten deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions.

Eight hundred eighty four cases of influenza have been report to BPHC, with 228 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been eight deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions.

BPHC has seen an increase in emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms over the last two weeks. Healthcare facilities and providers should promptly report any known or suspected clusters of illness and any laboratory confirmed norovirus cases to BPHC at 617‐534‐5611

Seven hundred eighty cases of influenza have been report to BPHC, with 191 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been six deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions.

Seven hundred and thirteen cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 172 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been five deaths, the majority in older individuals with underlying medical conditions.

Six hundred twenty eight cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 153 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been four deaths, all in individuals over 50 years of age with underlying medical conditions.

Five hundred twenty seven cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 132 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been three deaths, all in individuals over 65 years of age with underlying medical conditions.

The Boston Public Health Commission has noted an increase in the number of Campylobacter cases in the city over the past several years. In 2010 there were 120 reported cases, 140 in 2011, 168 in 2012 and 199 in 2013.

Four hundred fifty three cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 111 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been three deaths, all in individuals over 65 years of age with underlying medical conditions.

Three hundred and fifty three cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 89 cases requiring hospitalized. There have been three deaths, all in individuals over 65 years of age with underlying medical conditions.

Two hundred fifty four cases of influenza have been reported to BPHC, with 73 cases requiring hospitalization. There have been two deaths, both in individuals over 65, with underlying medical conditions.

One hundred fifty eight cases of influenza were reported to BPHC as of 12/28/13, with 47 cases requiring hospitalization.

Ninety seven cases of influenza were reported to BPHC as of 12/28/13, with 29 cases requiring hospitalization.

Fifty cases were reported to BPHC as of 12/20/13, with 13 cases requiring hospitalization.

Thirty-two cases of influenza were reported to BPHC as of 12/7/13, with seven cases requiring hospitalization.

Nineteen cases of Influenza were reported to BPHC, with three cases requiring hospitalization.

From November through December 2013, the CDC has received a number of reports of severe respiratory illness among young and middle-aged adults, many of whom were infected with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 (pH1N1) virus. The spectrum of illness observed thus far in the 2013-14 season has ranged from mild to severe and is consistent with that of other influenza seasons. Annual influenza vaccination for everyone 6 months and older is recommended. Anyone who has not yet been vaccinated this season should get an influenza vaccine now.

Cases of serious respiratory infection have occurred due to a newly emergent coronavirus similar to, but distinct from, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that emerged in 2003. This novel coronavirus, now designated the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), seems to have had its origins in the Arabian Peninsula. Thus far, over 50 cases have been documented in the Middle East and Europe, with all European introductions related to exposure in the Middle East. Learn more here.

Three confirmed cases and eleven suspected cases of mumps in Boston residents have been reported to BPHC since the end of April. All three confirmed cases have documentation of two doses of MMR vaccine. A diagnosis of mumps should be suspected in anyone presenting with typical symptoms. All suspect or confirmed mumps cases diagnosed in Boston should be reported immediately to BPHC at 617‐534‐5611.

As of April 4, 2013, Chinese public health officials have reported 14 cases of human infection with a novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus from four different provinces in China.These cases are a reminder that novel A influenza viruses can infect and cause severe respiratory illness in humans.